Gender And Sexual Orientation Of Diversity - 1582 Words

Introduction Currently the economic, political, cultural and ecological had rapidly reconstruction of the era of globalization, especially in tourism and hospitality industry. At present the gender and sexual orientation not only are held hostage-cutting in various parts of the world changes in the process, but also by the transformation of society throughout the thousand-state changes. They put gender as a key variable, focusing inspected it with other social differences cross interaction. In their view, all grades are interrelated, gender, race, ethnicity, national, class, sexual orientation, age, geographical, and many of the differences that seem similar to that of a personal experience of the vagaries of variation and all areas are in a changing dynamic status, they will be diminished with the passage of time and the social environment changes. This article is designed to integrate the gender and sexual orientation of diversity. The first part of the article will briefly discuss gender and s exual orientation from the general. Next in the context of tourism and hospitality businesses, the benefit and gains which is resulted by taking in this form of diversity will be discussed. The third part will be focus on the cost and consequences to the businesses who have not consider gender and sexual orientation diversity in the tourism industry. Based on the foregoing analysis, the article finally will make a few points of recommendation to improve gender and sexual orientationShow MoreRelatedDiversity, Gender, And Sexual Orientation1584 Words   |  7 PagesThe United States is known for its diversity. As a nurse working in such a culturally dynamic country, it is extremely important to be culturally competent in order to provide optimal care. Culturally competent care is defined as â€Å"nursing that is sensitive to issues related to culture: religion, race, gender, and sexual orientation.† (Euro med.) 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These traits show when working with individuals of many cultures and backgrounds in the workplace. A leader who has this ability can handle everyone uniquely and ethically and is in tune with what differentiates one associate from the next. Once one has a grasp on who they are then can one expect to lead a diverse team. Many diversities include differentRead MoreUsing Diversity and Inclusion to Provide Better Service1344 Words   |  6 PagesBUSI 3312: Organizational Behavior Case Study (10%): Using Diversity and Inclusion to Provide Better Service Name: Mona Al Hilal Instructor: Dr. Beverley McNally Submission Date: April 7, 2013 Table of Contents Introduction 2 Question 1: Describe what is meant by diversity and equality. 3 Question 2: Explain which groups are particularly covered by equality laws. 4 Question 3: Analyze Tesco’s diversity strategy, explaining why it is important to the workforce, the customersRead MoreBenefits Of Organizational Diversity And Diversity Essay1402 Words   |  6 PagesOrganizational diversity is defined as the variety of differences amongst the people in a workplace with regard to background, education, organizational function, cognitive style, personality, age, tenure, ethnic group, gender, and race. It involves the perception people hold upon themselves and their work colleagues. Therefore, the most successful organizations tend to spend their resources on diversity management. Benefits of Organizational Diversity. The benefits of organizational diversity include aRead MoreTypes Of Diversity Protected Under Federal Laws886 Words   |  4 Pagesof Diversity There are six main categories of diversity protected under federal laws. They are gender, age, race/ethnicity, religion, sexual orientation, and disabilities. Each diversity brings something new and different to an organization s culture. Gender Gender diversity is the proportion of women to men in any particular workplace or team (gender diversity). It can range from a department to the board of directors. Women bring trustworthiness and legitimacy to work teams (gender diversity)Read MoreSexual Orientation Diversity Management At Small And Large Organizations1235 Words   |  5 PagesShawna Silva and Jason Streger Liberty University â€Æ' A Case for Sexual Orientation Diversity Management in Small and Large Organizations I. Introduction A. â€Å"Approximately 9 million Americans identify themselves as being lesbian, gay, bisexual, or transgender (LGBT). With alternate sexual orientation. Managers and employees are becoming more tolerant and there is a growing respect for individuals with non-traditional sexual orientation† (Mathis, Jackson, Valentine, 2014, p. 3-4d). B. OrganizationsRead MoreDimensions of Diversity1127 Words   |  4 Pagescharacteristics that set him or her apart from other people. In that case, diversity as a term is used to denote any dimension utilized to bring out or identify the various differences between people and groups. It is important to note that today, with the world increasingly becoming a truly global village, it has become necessary for individuals to appreciate and embrace differences in others. In this text, I define diversity and highlight its dimensions (both hidden and visible). Further, I come upRead MoreTrans And Transgender : An Umbrella Term931 Words   |  4 Pageswith the gender that they were born. It encompasses all people who do not fit into a binary conception of gender identity or expression. It is a group with diverse identities and expressions, and that differ from stereotypical gender norms. 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The Man Who Was Almost A Man - 1453 Words

A Misguide To Power Intro: â€Å"The Man Who Was Almost a Man† by Richard Wright, and â€Å"Paul’s Case† by Willa Cather, are two narratives that explore the journey of two African-American boys who take on unethical measures for control over their oppressed state towards a prosperous future. Many of the problems these characters face are similar but under different circumstances. While Dave Saunders works in a plantation under a white owner, he slaves his life away to support his family. The unequal treatment he receives from his coworkers, Mr. Hawkins his owner, and his own family, only hinder Dave’s self-esteem, and is belittled to feel powerless as a plantation worker. And Paul, although with an education and many more opportunity, he still feels powerless due to his identity and familial relations that do not understand him. Although different stories, both men experience troubles coming from the lack of money, lies, and their struggle of identity lead them to each conqu er a different route of controlling their life at the end. While they think a sense of power will help them escape their oppression, it will only guide them into different directions. Power: Paul: Paul resides in Pittsburg, but does not seem to have a place where he fits in necessarily. He struggles with school, finds a detachment from his community on Cordelia Street, including his family that he finds uninteresting, and questions his own identity as a homosexual male. A few things he does find pleasure in hisShow MoreRelatedThe Man Who Was Almost A Man947 Words   |  4 PagesThe Man Who Was Almost a Man Wright’s Story, â€Å"The Man Who Was Almost a Man† is a unique story of a man who is perpetually stuck in a state of juvenoia. Wright’s story is a more interesting one where we have a character that is underdeveloped socially, intellectually, and emotionally. Dave Sanders, â€Å"this man-child†, searches for his identity in the South as a sharecropper, an economic situation that erases personal identity through impoverishment. Dave, an uneducated and immature child sharecroppingRead MoreThe Man Who Was Almost A Man924 Words   |  4 PagesJune 9, 2015 The Man Who Was Almost a Man The story took place in a farm, where the main character named Dave is working. Dave is a poor African-American teenage boy who works on a plantation where he is plowing the fields. On his way home for supper he saw some men who have guns and was practicing shooting, where he sparked his interest to buy a gun. And there he went to a store and borrowed a catalog. The store w if he is planning to buy something, because he wasn’t the one who keeps and savesRead MoreThe Man Who Was Almost A Man Essay2212 Words   |  9 Pages The Man Who Was Almost a Man, tells the story of a young seventeen year old teenager, named Dave Saunders, who finds himself struggling with the need to be taken seriously as an adult, while still being seen by his community, as merely a boy. Published in 1961 and written by Richard Wright, this short story focuses on the common struggle of young African American men in the South trying to find their identity outside of the box that the United States soci ety put them in at the time. Dave felt thatRead MoreThe Man Who Was Almost a Man749 Words   |  3 PagesI am going to write a sequel to the short passage, â€Å" The Man Who Was Almost A Man,† which was written by Richard Wright. I am going to start from the time where Dave received the pistol, to the time where he got in trouble. After buying the pistol, Dave walks around the fields with it, admiring the gun but too scared and unsure of how to fire it. He is very anxious about firing the gun. He waits until it’s dark and he’s sure everyone has already fallen asleep before going home, and he puts theRead MoreThe Man Who Was Almost a Man2089 Words   |  9 PagesThe Man Who Was Almost a Man Character Analysis In Richard Wright’s â€Å"The Man Who Was Almost a Man†, there is only one main character, Dave Saunders, and a handful of secondary characters. Dave Saunders is a seventeen year old, â€Å"long, loose-jointed limbed† African-American boy living in what seems like the South, either in Alabama or Louisiana, judging from the fact that the Illinois Central railroad runs through the area where he lives. Dave is struggling with growing up and is trying to achieveRead MoreEssay On The Man Who Was Almost A Man773 Words   |  4 Pagesbeing an adult man and no longer a boy. 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This definition, did not surprise me, but what did ,was what followed it , it stated:Read MoreThe Man Who Was Almost A Man Analysis784 Words   |  4 PagesThere are many teenagers who at a young age dream to become adults because they see adults as people with power and people who are respected, while teenagers feel like no one respects them or takes their opinions seriously. These teenagers dream to become adults, but due to their lack of responsibility and thinking about their actions becoming adults becomes increasingly difficult and while reaching adulthood they struggle greatly. In â€Å"The Man Who Was Almost a Man† by Richard Wright the author presentsRead MoreThe Man Who Was Almost A Man Essay1977 Words   |  8 Pagesapart from each other. â€Å"The Man Who Was Almost a Man† by Richard Wright, â€Å"Sweat† by Zora Neale Hurston, and â€Å"To Kill A Mockingbird† by Harper Lee share similar themes, conflicts, and symbols that can be used to understand a relatively current controversial happening in the United States. â€Å"The Man Who Was Almost a Man,† â€Å"Sweat,† and â€Å"To Kill A Mockingbird† all share a theme of oppression and one’s actions to overcome their circumstance. In â€Å"The Man Who Was Almost a Man,† Dave wants to attain a gunRead MoreTheme Of The Man Who Was Almost A Man888 Words   |  4 PagesThe central theme of â€Å"The Man Who Was Almost a Man,† by Richard Wright encases over the idea of manhood. The transition from a boy to a man is strongly presented in the aspect of what takes a person to enter into maturity. As seen in the story, the lead character Dave Saunders believes that owning a weapon would surmount to his adulthood. However, over the course of the plot it’s widely suspected that he doesn’t learn from his perception on life. Therefore, creating the conclusion that the character

Cultural and Society Diversity in Health Care

Questions: This assessment task requires the completion of two(2) case studies. Students need to choose a different cultural group for each study and in the construction of each case , they are to consider and address the following: 1. Briefly discuss the social determinants of health as they apply to the identified cultural groups. 2. Describe health related risk factors for people from the identified cultural group. 3.Critically discuss strategies in place for the provision of health care to address the identified risk factors. 4. Based on available evidence and your understanding of the critical health issues among the identified cultural group, suggiest possible strategies and recommendations to address deficits. 5. Present a coherent summary that identifies similarities and differences between the two case studies. Answers: Introduction Over the past ten years, there is an increase in the number of ethnic minorities in Hong Kong (Cho, 2014). In Hong Kong, the significant amount of migrant workers constitutes of foreign domestic helper (Cortes Pan, 2013). This immigrant community provides an opportunity for understanding "Social determinants of health." Across the nations, there is the increase in trend of hiring paid domestic helpers from other countries by the household to delegate their household activities. The reason being, their nationals are not inclined to do domestic work. Therefore, less developed countries (Indonesia, Pakistan, Bangladesh, etc.) are taken advantage of their domestic workers (Law Lee, 2016). Due to a high cost of labor and its shortage, workers were recruited from foreign countries. According to national survey reports of Hong Kong, in 2013, there was total of 320,000 foreign domestic and other workers. Out of which, 50 percent of these employees were from the Philippines, 47% from Indone sia and the rest from other places (Constable, 2016). Therefore, Hong Kong is trying to promote culturally competent care. In this assignment, the author will discuss two case studies one of domestic helper and other working in Hong Kong. One of them is Indonesian domestic helper, and the other is South Asian (Pakistani) living in Hong Kong. The author will detail the social determinants of Health as they apply to the identified cultural groups. From each of these groups, health-related factors for the people would be described as the people. Further, the author will critically discuss the strategies in place for the provision of health care to address the identified risk factors. Based on the evidence of the critical health issues among the identified cultural group, the author will suggest possible strategies and recommendations to address deficits. Lastly, the similarities and differences between the two case studies will be summarized. The author will perform a literature search on recent articles to support the facts and arguments. Case study of Indonesian domestic helper This case study belongs to Mrs. X a 33-year-old Indonesian woman moved to Hong Kong, three years ago. As per the information, her involuntary nature of work includes agency fees of $3000 HKD for seven months. Her passport and contract are confiscated by Hong Kong agent. She was misinformed of her terms of employment, and other details were deceptive. She has little knowledge of English but speaks Cantonese. She was one of the several cases of the victim of forced labour and debt. She worked for 18 hours a day, and lived in a servant room and slept on the floor. During her working days, she was verbally and psychologically abused, treated like a slave, and was tortured by her employer for several months. She was beaten daily on head by a mope handle, punched on face including other indecent assaults. She had no rest days. She received no salary for first six months and later she was the underpayment of $200 initially and $2100 and survived on insufficient and mainly sweetened food. Sh e was locked in the house by the householder most of the time. She escaped after two years and nine months. She was later admitted in hospital and her medical history shows respiratory difficulties and musculoskeletal strain. During her treatment she had difficulty in communicating with nurse due to language barrier. Social Determinants of Health The contemporary approach to taking action on inequalities of health requires identification of social determinants. The environmental conditions in which people live and resources such as education, transportation, food supply and social relationships that improve the quality of life together comprises social determinant (Law Lee, 2016). The identified social determinant associated with health issues of Mrs. X. includes socioeconomic status, income inequality, and ethnicity. These ethnic groups are treated miserably as the employers are aware that these women have low education attainment, poor economic background, and poverty. According to studies of (Cortes Pan, 2013), a majority of workers from Indonesia working in Hong Kong suffer from oral health issues and remain untreated. As a result of low wage and long working hours, these employees neglect their health checkups and personal hygiene such as brushing teeth and use of dental floss. Living in an untidy environment and lack of healthy food, privacy and freedom to participate in self-care activities, made her physically weak and prone to respiratory difficulties. Confined in the house, they lack social connectedness thus are lonely and depressed giving rise to other psychological disorders. Therefore, only "biology" is not always responsible for the various health outcomes. Without any friends and family support, they are unable to relieve distress, obtain health information. Eventually, it decreases their ability to control their circumstances and lives. The figure below represents the public health framework. It depicts how the macro, micro and the intermediate determinates of health are related. Health-related risk factors The health-related risk factors are several mental disorders, respiratory difficulties, hypertension, depression and occasional insomnia, musculoskeletal strain, dental caries and periodontal diseases. Strategies for health care to address the identified risk factors There should be a regular distribution of information related to mental disorders and those with available effective therapeutic treatment. At a local level, there should be information related to "social, economic, and environmental stressors (Cortes Pan, 2013). Additionally, community engagement is necessary for the intervention to psychological distress by involving residents in problem solving. Knowledge should be provided on how local social, environmental and economic factors contribute or ameliorate psychological distress. There should be the proper assessment of all health care facilities and initiatives on their impact on "physical and mental health equity. Indonesia must put effort to enhance positive family involvement and support to domestic workers abroad. Hong Kong must address the "loneliness and depression" by providing support to improve family contact by cheaper means of communication (Mathews Wai-chi, 2016). Showing culturally competent care by nurses may help patients motivated. Mrs. X must open her heart and mind. It will help her understand others cultures and global socio-political and health issues which in turn increase her commitment to improve her personal and professional growth. She must learn to develop cultural competence. Improvement of counselling services in other languages instead of only Chinese should be promoted to make intervention effective for the ethnic minorities. Public hospitals must publicize about their intervention and interpretation and other TransLingual services by internet, newsletters or posters printed in ethnic minority languages about details of application and charges. These services must at least cover 18 minority languages (Malhotra et al., 2016). Recommendations It is recommended that Mrs. X and other workers like her must get medical facilities free of cost. The employers are entitled to take care of medical emergencies of their employees but in vain. Therefore, the employment agencies must ensure that the companies abide by the government rules strictly. The government of countries sending and receiving domestic helpers must implement policies to provide minimum education for all the girls with English as a compulsory subject. This will enable them to fetch better jobs and at least read the documents properly before signing any official agreements or bonds (Tong, 2014). According to (Iskandar, 2015) the domestic workers of Indonesia are at serious risk of "human and labor right violations" in Hong Kong. Researchers are required to understand better the "epidemiology" of such conditions faced by female foreign domestic workers. A concerted effort is needed from the government of labour-sending and receiving countries. These social determinants imply for effective policy making in Hong Kong as well as in countries exporting domestic helpers. During the policy making, the interests of domestic workers, employers, stakeholders, employment agencies, non-government organizations must be considered. According to (Constable, 2013) Hong Kong followed "Two Week Rule," which states that no employee is allowed to stay for more than two weeks in the country after being terminated from the job. Hence, there was no option but to escape from the place for these domestic workers. These workers must be entitled to visit their native lands thrice in a year. Nurses must be open-minded while caring for ethnic group as they communicate with people from different backgrounds. They should not avoid victims of domestic violence making them wait for long hours in hall. Such attitude should be made punishable by the government. Government of Hong Kong must take strict actions against lack of such professional ethics leading to endanger of victims (Constable, 2015). Case study of Pakistani worker This case study belongs to Mr F. a 65-year-old Pakistani man moved to Hong Kong, thirty years ago. As per the information, he works as building worker. He could well speak Cantonese but does not speak English. He has low education attainment. He was one of the several cases of the victim of forced labour and debt. He worked for 14 hours a day. During holy month of Ramadan, he had to fast for long hours and was permitted to work for six hours a day. During fast he was not supposed to chew gums, smoke, eat or drink. He was not allowed to pray namaz during his work and was discriminated on the basis of racial ground. He was treated brutally by the Chinese communities. He had two rest days every month and survived on insufficient food and had poor hygiene. He is frequently admitted in the hospital foe his weakness. His family lives in Pakistan and had to take care of himself. He had chemical dependency mainly Tobacco. He was admitted in hospital earlier and was diagnosed with tumour in h is left cheek. Social Determinants of Health The identified social determinants here are socioeconomic status, religion, low income, malnutrition, stressful work, and ethnicity. The other factors are same as that of the ethnic group of Indonesia. Health-related risk factors The health-related risk factors include hypertension, risk of ventilometric dysfunction, and respiratory difficulty due to inhalation of dust particles, musculoskeletal strain, intestinal parasitic infections, and suppressed immune functions and oral cancer. Strategies for health care to address the identified risk factors The strategies for addressing health issues are same as that mentioned for ethnic group of Indonesia. According to (Tong, 2014) both motivational and intervention phases should be included in the mental health interventions programs. It uses both patient histories to address the health issues as well as evidence-based practices. In addition to this, there should be a provision of palliative care in these communities. It s recommended that these ethnic minorities must avoid using folk medicines. Keeping in mind the age of Mr F he should completely avoid sedentary lifestyle and include diet lacking in saturated fats. He must regularly get his blood pressure and cholesterol checked. He should completely avoid having Tobacco. Rehabilitations are best options for such people (Cho, 2014). Recommendations The recommendations for this ethnic group are same as that of the former. Additionally, it is recommended that the government should ensure the protection of the human rights. There should be no discrimination against people with different religion, mental illness and psychosocial disability. The government should bridge the gap present in the mental health treatment. These domestic workers must have improved access to the health and social care (Kuo, 2014). Policies should be framed for health care providers to prevent sexual exploitation of these ethnic clients who attempt to receive abortion care or STI treatment. The government of Hong Kong must take actions against denial of medical services by physicians. The government of countries sending and receiving domestic workers must provide programs for awareness on various health risk factors and its prevention (Tong, 2014). Government of Hong Kong must ensure that the religious needs of this ethnic group are fulfilled. It is recommended to the healthcare organisation that more facilities and resources should be provided to promote culturally competent care. Nurses should be provided training to overcome linguistic barriers so that that can communicate well with patients of different cultures. Government of Hong Kong must formulate policies to ensure training programs for ethnic minorities to teach language and cultural competencies of Hong Kong (Constable, 2015). Summary There is a difference in both the cases discussed above in terms of discrimination. It is evident and can be interpreted from the first case that most of the domestic helpers underwent similar trauma, pain and agony working in Hong Kong. In the second case, the discrimination was based on the ground of religion. It is clear that these foreign workers were exploited due their low socioeconomic status and were taken advantage of weak income opportunities in their nations. They were subjected to abuse and discrimination due to racism and their ethnicity (Chung et al., 2015). Due to lack of proficiency in English, they had difficulty in communicating their health issues to the nurses in the admitted hospitals. Mr. F did not suffer from oral health issues as Mrs. X but suffered other major health issues such as cancer. Mrs. X received the minimum salary in addition to trauma, but Mr. F suffered lesser mental trauma and more of discrimination due to religion and ethnicity. Unlike, Mrs. X the health issues of later was mainly because of his occupation and his own addiction of Tobacco. Mr. F did not go through any sort of physical violence. Conclusion Hong Kong being commercial and economic based Metropolitan has been a great attraction for foreign domestic helpers. With the help of this case studies, the author described the vulnerabilities of the immigrant groups. It is also a major concern for many countries including Pakistan, Hong Kong, and Indonesia sending and receiving domestic helpers. These immigrant victims provide an opportunity for social determinants of health. The poor health of the ethnic minorities correlates with their social circumstances. Various psychosocial, material and behavioural pathways link the diseases and their prevalence in these underprivileged groups. Therefore, it is essential to address the social context, as focusing only on an improvement of the health behaviours will exaggerate the health inequalities. It is advocated to address the upstream determinants of health. Recently, due to rising voices and legal actions from some of the victims these immigrants are receiving worldwide attention. Presently, the well-being of these ethnic minorities in Hong Kong is the highest priority of World Health Organisation and International Labour Organisation (Cortes Pan, 2013). References Cho, H. Y. (2014). FOREIGN DOMESTIC WORKERS IN HONG KONG AND THEIR RIGHTS TO STATUTORY MINIMUM WAGE.FRONT COVER, 107. Chong, A. M., Kwan, C. W., Chi, I., Lou, V. W., Leung, A. Y. (2014). Domestic Helpers as Moderators of Spousal Caregiver Distress.The Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, gbu034. Chung, R. Y., Mercer, S., Lai, F. T., Yip, B. H., Wong, M. C., Wong, S. Y. (2015). Socioeconomic Determinants of Multimorbidity: A Population-Based Household Survey of Hong Kong Chinese.PloS one,10(10), e0140040. Constable, N. (2013). Migrant workers, legal tactics, and fragile family formation in Hong Kong.Oati Socio-Legal Series,3(6). Constable, N. (2015). Temporary Shelter in the Shadows: Migrant Mothers and Torture Claims in Hong Kong.Migrant Encounters: Intimate Labor, the State, and Mobility Across Asia, 92. Constable, N. (2016). Surveillance, Discipline, and the Ins and Outs of Prison for Overstayers and Undocumented Workers in Hong Kong.Migration, Mobility, Displacement,2(1). Cortes, P., Pan, J. (2013). Outsourcing household production: Foreign domestic workers and native labor supply in Hong Kong.Journal of Labor Economics,31(2), 327-371. Gao, X., Chan, C. W., Mak, S. L., Ng, Z., Kwong, W. H., Kot, C. C. S. (2014). Oral Health of Foreign Domestic Workers: Exploring the Social Determinants.Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health,16(5), 926-933. Ho, W. Y. (2015). The emerging visibility of Islam through the powerless: Indonesian Muslim domestic helpers in Hong Kong.Asian Anthropology,14(1), 79-90. Iskandar, P. (2015). Shifting the Boundaries of Constitutionalism: Making Space for International Law in Indonesia.Available at SSRN 2589986. Kuo, H. (2014). Lessons from the West: Re-Evaluating the Rights and Regulation of Domestic Workers in Hong Kong by Learning from Canada and the United States.Journal of Law, Technology and Public Policy,1(1). Ladegaard, H. J. (2013). Demonising the cultural Other: Legitimising dehumanisation of foreign domestic helpers in the Hong Kong press.Discourse, Context Media,2(3), 131-140. Law, K. Y., Lee, K. M. (2016). Importing Western values versus indigenization: Social work practice with ethnic minorities in Hong Kong.International Social Work,59(1), 60-72. Malhotra, R., Arambepola, C., Tarun, S., de Silva, V., Kishore, J., stbye, T. (2013). Health issues of female foreign domestic workers: a systematic review of the scientific and gray literature.International journal of occupational and environmental health,19(4), 261-277. Mathews, G., Wai-chi, C. (2016). Detaining the Immigrant Other in Hong Kong.Detaining the Immigrant Other: Global and Transnational Issues, 105. Tong, K. W. (Ed.). (2014).Community Care in Hong Kong: Current practices, Practice-Research Studies and Future Directions. City University of HK Press. Wang, S. H. (2015). Constable argues that babies born out of placecut right to the heart of many prob-lems surrounding temporary labor migration in the world today(p. 2). Chapter 1 sketches out four such problems in Hong Kong: 1) laws governing foreign domestic workers make it virtually impossible to be a good worker as well as a good wife, mother and daughter(p. 9), forcing many to.Work, employment and society,29(4), 692-698.

Biology Mice Case Study free essay sample

A group of 11 mice was given water, and another group of 10 mice was supplied with diluted black coffee (coffee:water 1:1) as drinking fluids for five weeks. The composition of the diets and living conditions were similar for both groups of mice. Blood glucose was monitored weekly for all mice. After five weeks, there was no change in average body weight between groups. Results indicated that blood glucose concentrations increased significantly in the mice that drank water compared with those that were supplied with coffee. Finally, blood glucose concentration in the coffee group exhibited a 30 percent decrease compared with that in the water group. (In the original paper*, the investigators acknowledged that the coffee for the experiment was supplied as a gift from a corporation. ) Answer the following questions: 1. What was the hypothesis of this experiment? (Reminder: Hypothesis is a statement. ) What question(s) was (were) the investigator asking? Hypothesis: Testing a group of mice which were fed only water compared to mice fed a coffee/water mixture would identify benefits of coffee consumption Question: Would an animal lab test provide further evidence of the positive effects of coffee in diabetes patients? 2. We will write a custom essay sample on Biology Mice Case Study or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Which is the control group? Why? The control group for this experiment would be the 11 mice which were given only water to drink. Water is the controlled substance in this experiment in that all mice, in both test groups, received water. 3. Which is the treatment group? Why? The treatment group in this experiment were the 10 mice which drank the coffee/water mixture. The experiment was conducted based upon the hypothesis that adding coffee into water would effect the mice differently that those mice which only drank water, without coffee. 4. Did the researchers follow the scientific method in their experimental design? Explain. Yes the researchers followed the scientific method in their experiment design. They had an initial observation that previous studies which indicated caffeine (coffee) had a positive effect on diabetes patients was not tested on lab animals. They asked the question, would an animal lab test provide further evidence of the positive effects of coffee in diabetes patients? They hypothesized testing a group of mice which were fed only water compared to mice fed a coffee/water mixture would identify benefits of coffee consumption. Their prediction, based on past studies, was that yes coffee would decrease the risk of diabetes. They then formulated an experiment between the two groups of mice to test support for their claim. 5. Do you think that there may be any possible biases or other problems in this experiment? Explain. Yes there could definitely be possible biases based upon the coffee coming from suppliers as a gift for the experiment. It’s unlikely the coffee would chemically alter the results but there definitely could be a perception issue with the suppliers providing the source of material for the controlled group. 6. Based on the data, was the hypothesis supported, and what can you conclude from this experiment? Yes based upon the data the hypothesis was supported. The lab results largely indicated differences between the controlled and treatment group. One could reasonably conclude coffee does affect the groups differently but it may be more difficult to draw a line to coffee being the sole reason. The sample size of the groups seems extremely small. Additionally, there is little evidence to support other factors, such as heredity or predisposition to high/low glucose levels which could skew the results. It would also makes sense the think the researchers should have put the treatment group back on a water only diet for a similar period of time to see if glucose levels began to rise. Another possible outcome not garnered could be the effect over a significant period of time. With a drop as high as 30% it would seem highly unsustainable that this drop would continue to occur or the possible side effects of a continual drop to say 80% might cause other negative effects on the group of mice.